He rangahau hou i whakaputaina i roto iNgā koiora itiI whakahaerehia he tātaritanga metagenomic huaketo ki runga i te 846 ngā kararehe mohoao iti—tae atu ki ngā pekapeka, ngā kiore, me ngā mokomoko—i kohia i Sierra Leone, Āwherika ki te Hauāuru. I kitea e te rangahau he 39 ngā huaketo RNA e pā ana ki ngā kararehe, arā, 26 ngā huaketo hou me te 13 ngā huaketo i mōhiotia i mua. I roto i ēnei, ko te whānau Paramyxoviridae te mea i whakaatu i te kanorau nui rawa atu, ko ngā kiore te mea i nui rawa atu ngā momo huaketo (n = 26).
I whakaatuhia e te aromatawai mōrearea zoonotic e toru ngā huaketo zoonotic e mōhiotia ana—te huaketo encephalomyocarditis, te huaketo Lassa, me te Rocahepevirus sp.—me ētahi atu huaketo e toru me te mōrearea horapa pea: te huaketo Melian, te huaketo hepatitis kiore, me te Hunnivirus A. He mea nui, i roto i ngā huaketo hou kua tautuhia, ko te Bat ledantevirus 2 te hononga phylogenetic tata ki te huaketo Le Dantec e pangia ana e te tangata. I kitea anō e te tātaritanga serological ngā paturopi neutralizing ki tēnei huaketo i roto i te 2.8% o ngā kainoho o te rohe, e kī ana i mua te pānga ki te tangata, kāore pea i kitea.
E whakaatu ana ēnei kitenga i te noho mai o tētahi puna huaketo nui e whakahaerehia ana e ngā kiore i Āwherika ki te Hauāuru, ā, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o ngā rautaki tirotiro whakauru i te atanga tangata-kararehe. Mā te whakakotahi i te tirotiro metagenomic me te whakamana serological ka whakaratohia he anga pakari mō te tautuhi i ngā huaketo he kaha ki te horapa me te horapa atu.
I roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, neke atu i te 60% o ngā mate urutā hou i roto i te tangata i ahu mai i ngā puna kararehe, ā, ko ngā pekapeka, ngā kiore, me ngā mokomoko e mōhiotia ana ko ngā kaihautū matua o ngā huaketo zoonotic. E kiia whānuitia ana a Āwherika hei wāhi wera mō ngā mate zoonotic. Hei tauira, i pūrongohia e Sierra Leone neke atu i te 28,000 ngā keehi i te wā o te pakarutanga o te Ebola i waenganui i te tau 2014 ki te 2016.
Ahakoa te nui o ngā mate zoonotic i tēnei rohe, kāore anō kia tino mārama te kanorau me te horapa o ngā huaketo i roto i ngā kararehe mohoao iti. Hei whakatika i tēnei āputa, i whakahaerehia e ngā kairangahau he tātaritanga virome pūnaha o ngā kararehe mohoao iti e 846 i hopukina puta noa i ngā wāhi e toru i Sierra Leone i waenga i te tau 2018 me te tau 2023. Ko te whāinga o te rangahau he whakaahua i te kanorau huaketo, te tautuhi i ngā kaitono he pūmanawa whakawhiti-momo, te aromatawai i te mōrearea zoonotic, me te whakaputa taunakitanga hei tautoko i ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe mō ngā mate pipiri hou.
Ngā Tikanga Matua
I whakamahia e te rangahau tētahi tukanga mahi metagenomics huaketo whānui:
- Tukatuka tauira:I kohia ngā kiko o te ngākau, te ate, te whēkau, te pukahukahu, me te whatukuhu, i whakakotahitia, i whakaranua, ā, i tangohia te RNA katoa.
- Te raupapatanga me te huihuinga:I mua i te hanganga o te whare pukapuka, i mahia te whakaiti i te RNA ribosomal, ā, i muri mai ka whakahaerehia te raupapatanga tere-rahi mā te whakamahi i te tūāpapa Illumina NovaSeq 6000. I hangaia ngā pūtau huaketo de novo.
- Te tautuhi huaketo:I tautuhia ngā huaketo i runga i te whakaritenga ira RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Ko ngā huaketo e pā ana ki ngā tuaiwi anake i puritia, engari kāore i te whakaurua ngā huaketo kitakita, harore, me ngā tipu.
- Tātaritanga Pūtaiao Koiora:I whakahaerehia te hanga anō ira-ira, te tātari whakakotahitanga, te whakatauira whatunga tuku momo-maha, me te aromatawai mōrearea zoonotic.
- Whakamana serological:I whakawhanakehia he whakamātautau whakakore huaketo pseudovirus e hangai ana ki te VSV mō te Bat ledantevirus 2. I kitea ngā paturopi whakakore i roto i te 2.8% o ngā toto tangata, e whakaatu ana i te taunakitanga o te horapa pea mai i te zoonotic.
AkoNgā Hua
1. Te Kitea me te Kanorau o te Huaketo
I whakahaerehia e tēnei rangahau he tātari raupapatanga transcriptomic i runga i te 846 kararehe mohoao i kohia i Sierra Leone, tae atu ki ngā kiore, ngā pekapeka, me ngā mokomoko. I runga i ngā raupapatanga ira RNA polymerase (RdRp) katoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te RNA, e 39 ngā huaketo RNA e pā ana ki ngā kararehe whakangote i tautuhia, arā, 13 ngā huaketo i mōhiotia i mua me 26 ngā huaketo hou.
Mō te hanganga huaketo, ko te whānau Paramyxoviridae te whānau i whakaatu i te taumata kanorau teitei rawa atu puta noa i ngā momo manaaki e toru, ā, whai muri ko Astroviridae me Picornaviridae. Mō te tohatoha manaaki, ko ngā kiore te hunga i nui rawa atu te kanorau huaketo, e 26 ngā momo huaketo i roto i a rātou, e tohu ana i tō rātou tūranga nui hei puna kanorau huaketo i te rohe.
2. Mōrearea Zoonotic
I roto i te aromatawai mōrearea zoonotic, i kitea e toru ngā huaketo zoonotic e mōhiotia ana: te huaketo encephalomyocarditis, te huaketo Lassa, me ngā momo Rocahepevirus. I tua atu, e toru ngā huaketo—te huaketo Melian, te huaketo hepatitis kiore, me te Hunnivirus A—i kitea he mōrearea horapa pea.
I roto i ngā huaketo hou e 26 kua kitea, e whā i matapaetia he kaha nui ki te horapa ki ngā kararehe i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te ira tangata me te ira tangata. He mea nui, ko te Bat ledantevirus 2 te mea i whakaatu i te whanaungatanga tata ki te ira tangata ki te huaketo Le Dantec e mōhiotia ana ka pangia e te tangata.
I tautokona anō tēnei kitenga e ngā rangahau serological i muri mai, i te mea i kitea ngā paturopi whakakore i te Bat ledantevirus 2 i roto i te 2.8% o ngā toto o ngā kainoho o te rohe. E whakaatu ana tēnei hua kua puta kē pea ngā mate kāore i te mōhiotia, kāore rānei he tohu i roto i te taupori tangata, e whakaatu ana i tētahi ara tuku zoonotic pea engari kāore i kitea i mua.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Tuku Whakawhiti-Momo
I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga tuku huaketo whakawhiti-momo he tūranga matua kei roto i te whatunga tiritiri huaketo ngā kiore, ā, he pona matua hei āwhina i te whakawhitiwhiti huaketo i waenga i ngā momo manaaki. Tekau mā rima ngā huaketo i kitea he pūmanawa mō te tuku huaketo whakawhiti-momo.
I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga anō o ngā tauira tuku whakawhiti-raupapa he nui ake te auau o te tohatoha huaketo i waenga i ngā kaihautū i roto i te raupapa whakarōpū kotahi, e whakaatu ana he mea nui te whanaungatanga kaihautū ki ngā mahi tuku. He rerekē, he iti ake te kaha o ngā pekapeka ki te tuku whakawhiti-raupapa.
He mea nui, i kitea ngā taunakitanga mō te whānui haere o te whānuitanga o te pūtau manaaki i roto i ētahi huaketo. Hei tauira, i kitea anō hoki te huaketo Melian, i whakaarohia i mua he mea motuhake ki ngā mokomoko, i roto i ngā kiore i roto i tēnei rangahau, e tohu ana i te panoni pea o te urutau o te pūtau manaaki me te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te horapa whānui.
Ngā Whakatau me ngā Pānga ki te Hauora Tūmatanui
- Te kanorau nui o ngā virome i roto i ngā kararehe iti o te ngahere:Nā te kitenga o ngā huaketo RNA e 39, tae atu ki ngā momo hou e 26, i kitea he puna nui o ngā huaketo i te rohe, ā, mō te wā tuatahi ka puta mai ngā huaketo hou he nui te kaha ki te horapa ki ngā kararehe (hei tauira, te Bat ledantevirus 2).
- Ngā kiore hei kaupapa matua mō te tirotiro:Ko ngā kiore te pokapū matua mō te horapa o te huaketo, ā, ko rātou te kawe i te kanorau huaketo teitei rawa atu, koia hoki te mōrearea nui rawa atu o te horapa.
- Te hiahia mō ngā rautaki tirotiro whakauru:E tautoko ana ngā kitenga i te whakatairanga i ngā kiore i roto i ngā kaupapa tirotiro hohe, me te whakatinana i ngā huarahi whakauru e whakakotahi ana i te metagenomics, te serology, me te aroturukitanga rauropi i ngā hononga tangata-kararehe.
I te nuinga o te wā, e whakarato ana tēnei rangahau i ngā taunakitanga nui hei tautoko i ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe me ngā anga aromatawai mōrearea mō ngā mate zoonotic e puta ake ana, e whakaū ana i te hiranga o te tirotiro matatau i ngā rohe mōrearea nui.
Ngā Mōhiohio Hua
Wā tuku: Maehe-23-2026