1. Whakahōutanga Mate Urutā ā-Ao o Mpox (mai i te Maehe 2026)
Ahakoa te mutunga o te whakaingoatanga o te mate urutā hei Āwangawanga Hauora ā-Iwi o te Ao (PHEIC) e te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao, kei te noho tonu te mate urutā Mpox, nā te huaketo Monkeypox (MPXV). Ko te horapa tonu puta noa i ngā rohe maha e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mōte aroturuki tonu me te kaha tātaritanga matatau.
Mai i te pakarutanga o te mate urutā i te tau 2022, tata ki te 128,000 ngā kēhi kua whakamanahia e te taiwhanga me te 281 ngā mate kua pūrongohia puta noa i te neke atu i te 130 whenua [1]. I te tau 2025 anake, 50,751 ngā kēhi kua whakamanahia me te 206 ngā mate i tuhia e te 96 whenua, neke atu i te 90% o ngā kēhi i puta i Āwherika. He mea nui, ko te Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, me Uganda i eke ki te 32,000 ngā kēhi, e whakaatu ana i te taumahatanga koretake i roto i ngā rohe mate urutā [1].
Kei te horapa haere tonu ngā momo mate nui katoa o te MPXV (Ia, Ib, me II). Ko te putanga mai me te horapa o te Clade Ib ki te ao whānui—tae atu ki ngā kitenga tuatahi i te Czech Republic, Iharaira, Madagascar, me Nepal—me te horapa hapori kua tuhia ki Parani, Itari, me Pāniora, e tohu anangā whanaketanga o te tuku[1].
2. Ngā Whakaaturanga Hauora me ngā Wero Tātaritanga
He maha ngā āhuatanga haumanu e whakaatuhia ana e Mpox, mai i te mate kore tohu ki te mate pūnaha kino. Ko ngā tohu noa ko:te kirika, te ānini, te lymphadenopathy, te myalgia, me te ngengeme ētahi atuKa whanake te ponana āhuahanga mā roto ingā wāhanga macular, papular, vesicular, me te pustular i mua i te kiriuhi, ā, ka uru pea tete mata, ngā peka, te kiriuhi waha, me ngā rohe o te hope.
Ahakoa ka memeha haere te nuinga o ngā kēhi i roto i ngā wiki e 2–4, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā putanga kino ki ngā taupori ngoikore, tae atu kingā pēpi, ngā wahine hapu, me ngā tāngata ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate(hei tauira, te mate HIV matatau) [2].
Ko te pikinga ake o ngā whakaaturanga rerekē me ngā whakaaturanga ngawari, tae atu ki ngā kēhi kāore he tohu, he wero nui ki te tātaritanga. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiranga nui ohe tātaritanga tino tairongo, motuhake, me te tere hei tautoko i te kitenga wawe me te whakakore i ngā mekameka tuku.
3. Te Ārai, te Whakahaere, me te Tūranga o ngā Tātaritanga
He maha ngā huarahi e horapa ai te MPXV, tae atu ki te pā tika ki ngā whara, ki ngā wai tinana rānei, ngā pata manawa i te wā e pā tata ana mō te wā roa, te tuku i te taatai, ngā mate huakita kua pangia, me te tuku poutū.
Ko ngā mahi whakahaere matua ko:
- -Te tautuhi tere me te wehewehe i ngā kēhi
- -Te whai i ngā hoapā me te tirotiro ā-hapori
- -Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā mōrearea me ngā wawaotanga whanonga
- -Te werohanga hei ārai i mua me muri i te pānga
E whakanui ana te WHO i te hiranga o te whakapakari i te kaha o te taiwhanga me te whakatinana i ngāngā taputapu tātaritanga tika kua whakaritea mō ngā momo ratonga hauora rerekē—mai i te whakamātautau tere ā-motu ki ngā tūāpapa tirotiro ira ā-motu[1].
4. Whakamātautau-Macro me Micro: Ngā Otinga Tātaritanga Whakauru e Aratakihia ana e te Auahatanga Hangarau
I runga i te whanaketanga o te mate urutā MPOX, kua whakawhanakehia e Macro & Micro-Test tētahi kohinga tātaritanga whānui, maha-pūhara, e whakaatu ana i ngā kaha kaha ki te hoahoa whakamātautau, te hangarau ngota, me te tono whakamaori.
4.1 Ngā Whakamātautau Tere mō te Immunochromatographic: Te Whakamātautau Wāhi-Tiaki e Wātea ana
Ka whakaratohia e te kamupene he kitenga tere, kore-pūrere i roto i te 10–20 meneti, e tautoko ana i te whakamātautau ā-motu me te tirotiro nui:
- Kete Kimi Paturopi (HWTS-OT079):
- He māmā te tango tauira (wai ponana/ūkui ā-waha, serum)
- Te rohe o te kitenga (LoD): 20 pg/mL
- Te whānuitanga o te taupoki (Clade I me II)
- Kāore he tauhohenga whakawhiti kiritengā huaketo
- Te ōrau whakaae whānui (OPA): 96.4% vs ngā whakamātautau whakanui waikawa karihi (NAAT)
- Kete Kimi Paturopi IgM/IgG (HWTS-OT145):
- He māmā te tango tauira (toto katoa, toto toto, plasma)
- Ka tautuhi i te IgM me te IgG hei whakatau i ngā wāhanga o te mate mpox
- He pai mō ngā rangahau seroepidemiological
Kua arotauhia ēnei whakamātautau kia pumau (4–30°C, 24 marama), e aro ana ki ngā herenga whakahaere i roto i ngā tautuhinga iti-rauemi.
4.2 Whakareitanga Isothermal (EPIA): Te Kimi i te Ngota Tino Tere
Ko te kete kimi waikawa karihi e hangai ana ki te EPIA (HWTS-OT200) he tohu i tētahi whanaketanga nui i roto i te tātaritanga ngota tere:
- LoD: 200 tārua/mL (he rite ki te qPCR)
- Te wā ki te pai: kia tere ake i te 5 meneti
- Ka whakahohea te whakamātautau i runga i te tono e ngā kōwae motuhake o te Pūnaha Whakakaha Ngāwari
- He hanganga Lyophilized e taea ai te rokiroki i te pāmahana rūma
- Mahi haumanu: (PPA: 100%, NPA: 100%, OPA: 100%) (Kappa = 1.000)
He mea nui, kāore te whakamātautau e whakaatu i te tauhohenga whakawhiti me ngā huaketo orthopox (te rewharewha, te vaccinia, te rewharewha kau) me ngā huaketo herpes noa (HSV, VZV), e whakaatu ana i te tino motuhake o te tātaritanga.
4.3 Te Whakapūtanga o te Ira qPCR: Te Tairongo-Nui, e Mōhiotia ana e te WHO
E whakaatu ana te kohinga PCR fluorescence a Macro & Micro-Test i tōna tutuki i ngā paerewa o te ao me te whakamanatanga ture:
- HWTS-OT071 (kua rārangihia ki te WHO EUL):
- He hoahoa takirua-whāinga e whakarite ana i te pakari teitei
- LoD: 200 tārua/mL
- He whakamātautau ngāwari mō te tango i te wai ponana, te ūkui korokoro me te serum
- Teitei te motuhaketanga me te kore he tauhohenga whakawhiti kiste huaketo mallpox, te huaketo vaccinia, te huaketo kaupox, te huaketo kiorepox, te huaketo herpes simplex, te huaketo varicella-zoster, me te ira tangata, me ētahi atu.
- Mahi haumanu: PPA 100%, NPA 99.40%, OPA 99.64% vs raupapatanga
- Kete qPCR maroke-tio (HWTS-OT078):
- Ka whakakore i te whakawhirinaki ki te mekameka makariri me te pupuri tonu i te mahi
- Kete Kimi Ao Whānui Orthopox (HWTS-OT072):
- Te kitenga i ngā huaketo orthopox tangata e whā i te wā kotahi(Kei roto ko te Mpox)
- LoD: 200 tārua/mL
- Teitei o te motuhaketanga, kāore he tauhohenga whakawhiti ki ngā mate rite
- Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tātaritanga hē, ka whakarei ake i te kitenga rerekētanga
- Huaketo MakimakiKete Pato (HWTS-OT201):
- Ka taea te wehewehe tika i waenga i te Clade I me te Clade II
- LoD: 200 tārua/mL
- He mea nui mō te aroturuki i ngā mate urutā me te tirotiro i ngā pakarutanga
4.4 Te Raupapatanga Ira Katoa: Te Whakahohe i te Aroturuki Ira me te Aroturuki Rerekētanga
E whakaatu ana a Macro & Micro-Test i ngā pūkenga matatau i roto i te ira o ngā mate mā roto i āna otinga raupapatanga ira-katoa:
- MakimakirewharewhaKete Ira Katoa o te Huakita (NGS maha-PCR) (HWTS-TW0042):
- Te wā hurihanga: 6–8 hāora
- ≥98% te kapinga ira (Ct ≤32)
- Hototahi ngāwari ki te maha2nd me te 3rd whakatupurangangā papaaho raupapatanga(ONT, Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
- Tino tairongoMakimakirewharewhaHuaketo Te Kimi i te Ira KatoaNgā Kete (Illumina/MGI) (HWTS-TW0041/0043):
- Paepae kitenga: Ct ≤35
- Hoahoa paninga matotoru (1,448ngā takirua o te 200bpngā amplicons)
- I whakamanahia me te neke atu i te 400 tauira haumanu
- Fhototahi ngāwari ki te maha2nd whakatupurangangā papaaho raupapatanga(Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
Ngā Tatauranga Hauora o te Raupapatanga Ira Katoa o te Huakita Mpox
Te Kapinga o te Raupapatanga Ira Katoa o te Huakita Mpox
Ka tautokohia e ēnei kete Mpox WGS te mate urutā ira taumira teitei, tae atu ki te aroturuki i ngā whakarerekētanga ira, te mahere tuku, me te tātari whanaketanga rerekētanga.
5. Whakamutunga: Te Whakatairanga i te Mana Whakahaere Mpox o te Ao mā te Hiranga Pūtaiao
Ko te haere tonu o te horapa puta noa i te ao me te kanorau o ngā ira o te MPXV e hiahiatia ana he rautaki tātaritanga maha-taumata e whakauru ana i te tirotiro tere, te whakamātautau ngota whakaū, me te tirotiro ira.
Ko te pūnaha tātaritanga whānui a Macro & Micro-Test e whakaata ana i te auahatanga pūtaiao kaha puta noa i ngā mara hangarau maha, tae atu ki ngā whakamātautau ārai mate, te whakanui isothermal, te PCR wā-tūturu, me te raupapatanga o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei. Ehara i te mea ka aro noa ēnei otinga ki ngā hiahia hauora haumanu me te hauora tūmatanui o nāianei, engari ka hangai hoki ki ngā paerewa o te ao me ngā tauira tātaritanga hou.
Mā te āheinga ki te kimi tere, te rerekētanga tika o ngā momo ira, me te tirotiro ira tūturu, ka whai wāhi nui te kamupene ki te whakapakari i te whakarite me te urupare ā-ao ki te mpox me ētahi atu mate pipiri hou.
Ngā Tohutoro:
[1] WHO. Ngā Pūrongo Āhuatanga Ao o Mpox. Maehe, 2026, Geneva: Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao; 2026
[2] WHO. Te Whakahaere Hauora me te Ārai Mate mō Mpox. Mei 2025, Geneva: Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao; 2025
Wā tuku: Maehe-31-2026