Kua pā mai te Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) ki ngā rau miriona mate me ngā miriona mate mai i tōna pakarutanga mai i te mutunga o te tau 2019, ā, kua waiho hei āhuatanga ohorere hauora ā-ao. E rima ngā "momo mate rerekē e āwangawangahia ana" i whakatakotoria e te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO).[1], arā, ko Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta me Omicron, ā, ko te momo Omicron mutant te momo matua o te mate urutā o te ao i tēnei wā. I muri i te pangia e te Omicron mutant, he ngawari noa iho ngā tohu, engari mō ngā tāngata motuhake pēnei i te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate, te hunga kaumātua, ngā mate mau tonu me ngā tamariki, he teitei tonu te mōrearea o te mate kino, tae atu ki te mate i muri i te pangia. Ko te reiti mate o ngā momo Omicron mutant i Omicron, e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga o te ao tūturu ko te reiti mate toharite he tata ki te 0.75%, arā, he 7 ki te 8 ngā wā i te rewharewha, ā, ko te reiti mate o ngā kaumātua, inā koa ko te hunga neke atu i te 80 tau te pakeke, neke atu i te 10%, arā, tata ki te 100 ngā wā i te rewharewha noa.[2]Ko ngā āhuatanga haumanu noa o te mate ko te kirika, te mare, te korokoro maroke, te korokoro mamae, te mamae o te uaua, me ētahi atu. Tērā pea ka pāngia ngā tūroro tino kino e te poto o te manawa me/te koretake rānei o te manawa.
E whā ngā momo huaketo rewharewha: A, B, C me D. Ko ngā momo mate urutā matua ko te momo A (H1N1) me te H3N2, me te momo B (Wikitōria me Yamagata). Ka puta he mate urutā ā-wā i te rewharewha i puta mai i te huaketo rewharewha i ia tau, me te nui o te auau o te mate. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, tata ki te 3.4 miriona ngā mate e rongoatia ana mō ngā mate rite ki te rewharewha i ia tau.[3], ā, tata ki te 88,100 ngā mate manawa e pā ana ki te rewharewha ka mate, ko te 8.2% tēnei o ngā mate manawa[4]Ko ngā tohu haumanu ko te kirika, te ānini, te mamae o te uaua me te maremare maroke. Ko ngā rōpū mōrearea nui, pērā i ngā wāhine hāpu, ngā pēpi, ngā kaumātua me ngā tūroro he mate pūmau, ka pāngia e te niumōnia me ētahi atu raruraru, ka arahi pea ki te mate i ngā wā tino kino.
1 COVID-19 me ngā mōrearea rewharewha.
Mā te pangia ngātahi o te rewharewha me te COVID-19 ka kaha ake te pānga o te mate. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau Piritana[5], ki te whakatauritea ki te mate COVID-19 anake, ko te mōrearea o te whakamahi i te manawa ā-ringa me te mōrearea o te mate hōhipera i roto i ngā tūroro COVID-19 me te mate huaketo rewharewha kua piki ake mā te 4.14 ngā wā me te 2.35 ngā wā.
I whakaputaina e te Kareti Hauora o Tongji o te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Huazhong tētahi rangahau[6], i whakaurua ki roto i ngā rangahau 95 i uru atu ai te 62,107 tūroro i pangia e te COVID-19. Ko te auau horapa o te mate urutā rewharewha he 2.45%, ā, he nui te ōwehenga o te rewharewha A i roto i tēnei. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tūroro i pangia anake e te COVID-19, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tūroro i pangia tahitia e te rewharewha A ki ngā hua kino, tae atu ki te whakaurunga ki te ICU, te tautoko manawa miihini me te mate. Ahakoa he iti te horapa o te mate urutā, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tūroro e pangia tahitia ana ki ngā hua kino.
E whakaatu ana tētahi tātaritanga-maha[7], ki te whakaritea ki te rerenga-B, he nui ake te tūponotanga kia pangia ngātahitia te rerenga-A e te COVID-19. I roto i ngā tūroro 143 i pangia ngātahitia, 74% e pangia ana e te rerenga-A, ā, 20% e pangia ana e te rerenga-B. Tērā pea ka arahi te pangia ngātahitia ki ngā mate kino ake o ngā tūroro, inā koa i roto i ngā rōpū ngoikore pērā i ngā tamariki.
I kitea i roto i ngā rangahau mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi kei raro iho i te 18 tau te pakeke i whakaurua ki te hōhipera, i mate rānei i te rewharewha i te wā o te rewharewha i te United States i te tau 2021-22[8]e tika ana kia arohia te āhuatanga o te pangia tahi me te rewharewha i roto i te COVID-19. I roto i ngā kēhi hōhipera e pā ana ki te rewharewha, 6% i pangia tahi me te COVID-19 me te rewharewha, ā, kua piki te ōwehenga o ngā mate e pā ana ki te rewharewha ki te 16%. E whakaatu ana tēnei kitenga he nui ake te hiahia o ngā tūroro kua pangia tahitia e te COVID-19 me te rewharewha ki te tautoko manawa urutomo me te kore urutomo i te hunga kua pangia noa e te rewharewha, ā, e tohu ana ko te pangia tahi ka arahi pea ki te mōrearea nui atu i roto i ngā tamariki.
2 Te tātaritanga rerekē o te rewharewha me te COVID-19.
He tino hopuhopu ngā mate hou me te rewharewha, ā, he rite tonu ētahi o ngā tohu haumanu, pērā i te kirika, te mare me te mamae o te puku. Heoi, he rerekē ngā tikanga maimoatanga mō ēnei huaketo e rua, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā rongoā ārai huaketo e whakamahia ana. I te wā e rongoatia ana, ka taea e ngā rongoā te whakarerekē i ngā whakaaturanga haumanu noa o te mate, ka uaua ake te tautuhi i te mate mā ngā tohu anake. Nō reira, me whakawhirinaki te tautuhi tika o te COVID-19 me te rewharewha ki te kitenga rerekētanga huaketo kia taea ai e ngā tūroro te whiwhi maimoatanga tika me te whai hua.
He maha ngā taunakitanga whakaae whānui mō te tautuhi me te maimoatanga e kī ana he mea tino nui te tautuhi tika i te COVID-19 me te huaketo rewharewha mā roto i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga hei whakatakoto i tētahi mahere maimoatanga tika.
"Mahere Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga o te Rewharewha (Putanga 2020)"》[9]me te "Whakaaetanga Paerewa mō te Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga o te Rewharewha Pakeke mō ngā Tohunga Ohotata (Putanga 2022)》[10]E mārama ana te katoa he rite te rewharewha ki ētahi mate o te COVID-19, ā, he ngawari, he noa hoki ngā tohu o te COVID-19 pērā i te kirika, te maremare maroke me te korokoro mamae, he uaua ki te wehewehe i te rewharewha; ko ngā tohu kino me ngā tohu kino ko te niumōnia kino, te mate manawa whakapeka me te ngoikore o ngā okana, he rite ki ngā tohu haumanu o te rewharewha kino me te rewharewha kino, ā, me wehewehe mā te take.
"Mahere tātaritanga me te maimoatanga o te mate korona hou (putanga tekau mō te whakatinanatanga whakamātautau"[11]i whakahuatia me wehewehe te mate Covid-19 mai i te mate urutā o te ara manawa o runga i puta mai i ētahi atu huaketo.
3 Ngā rerekētanga o te maimoatanga o te rewharewha me te mate urutā COVID-19
He rerekē ngā mate o te 2019-nCoV me te rewharewha i puta mai i ngā huaketo rerekē, ā, he rerekē ngā tikanga rongoā. Mā te whakamahi tika i ngā rongoā ārai huaketo ka taea te aukati i ngā raruraru nui me te mōrearea mate o ngā mate e rua.
E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā rongoā ārai huaketo ngota iti pēnei i a Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola me ngā rongoā ārai mate pēnei i te werohanga antibody monoclonal Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir mō te COVID-19.[12].
Ko ngā rongoā ārai-rewharewha e whakamahi ana i ngā aukati neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), ngā aukati hemagglutinin (Abidor) me ngā aukati RNA polymerase (Mabaloxavir), ā, he pai ngā pānga o ēnei ki ngā huaketo rewharewha A me B rongonui o nāianei.[13].
He mea tino nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga ārai huaketo tika mō te rongoā i te 2019-nCoV me te rewharewha. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia tautuhia mārama te mate hei ārahi i te rongoā haumanu.
4 Ngā hua tirotiro hononga toru COVID-19/Rewharewha A/Rewharewha B waikawa karihi
Mā tēnei hua ka tere, ka tika hoki te tautuhingā huaketo rewharewha A me te rewharewha B o te 2019-nCoV, ā, ka āwhina ki te wehewehe i te 2019-nCoV me te rewharewha, e rua ngā mate hopuhopu manawa he rite ngā tohu haumanu engari he rerekē ngā rautaki maimoatanga. Mā te tautuhi i te mate, ka taea te ārahi i te whanaketanga haumanu o ngā kaupapa maimoatanga kua tohua, me te whakarite kia whiwhi ngā tūroro i te maimoatanga tika i te wā tika.
Otinga katoa:
Kohinga tauira--Tango waikawa karihi--Tauhohenga kimi--tauhohenga mekameka polymerase
Te tautuhi tika: tautuhia te Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), te huaketo rewharewha A me te huaketo rewharewha B i roto i te ngongo kotahi.
Tino tairongo: Ko te nui o te mate urutā Covid-19 he 300 tārua/mL, ā, ko te nui o te mate urutā rewharewha A me B he 500 tārua/mL.
Kapinga whānui: Kei roto i te Covid-19 ngā momo ira whakarerekē katoa e mōhiotia ana, tae atu ki te rewharewha A tae atu ki te H1N1 o te wā, te H3N2, te H1N1 2009, te H5N1, te H7N9, me ētahi atu, me te rewharewha B tae atu ki ngā momo ira Victoria me Yamagata, kia kore ai e ngaro te kitenga.
Mana whakahaere kounga pono: mana whakahaere kino/pai kua hangaia, tohutoro ā-roto me te mana whakahaere kounga whākōkī UDG, aroturuki i ngā tauhohenga me ngā mahi hei whakarite i ngā hua tika.
Whānui te whakamahinga: hototahi ki te taputapu PCR fluorescence wha-hongere matua i te mākete.
Tango aunoa: me te Macro me te Micro-Tte wāMā te pūnaha tango waikawa karihi aunoa me ngā tauhohenga tango, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te mahi me te ōritetanga o ngā hua.
Ngā mōhiohio hua
Ngā Tohutoro
1. Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao. Te Aroturuki i ngā momo SARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Whakamārama Mana _ Liang Wannian: Ko te reiti mate i Omicron e 7 ki te 8 ngā wā i tērā o te rewharewha _ Rewharewha _ Mate Urutā _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al. Te kawenga o ngā kōrero urupare mō ngā mate rewharewha o waho e pā ana ki te rewharewha i Haina, 2006-2015: he rangahau e hangai ana ki te taupori[J]. Ngā Huarere Manawa Rewharewha Other Influenza, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, et al. Te nui rawa o te mate manawa e pā ana ki te rewharewha i Haina, 2010-15: he rangahau e hangai ana ki te taupori[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, et al. Te pangia tahitia o te SARS-CoV-2 me ngā huaketo rewharewha, te huaketo syncytial manawa, ngā adenovirus rānei. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Te horapa me ngā hua e pā ana ki te pangia tahi o te SARS-CoV-2 me te rewharewha: he arotake pūnaha me te tātaritanga whānui. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Te pangia tahi o te SARS-CoV-2 me ngā huaketo rewharewha: He arotake pūnaha me te tātaritanga whānui. J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Hepetema; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, et al. Te Whānuitanga o te SARS-CoV-2 me te Rewharewha me ngā Āhuatanga Hauora i waenga i ngā Tamariki me ngā Taiohi <18 Tau te pakeke i te Hōhipera, i Mate rānei i te Rewharewha - Te Hononga o Amerika, te Wā Rewharewha 2021-22. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. Komiti Hauora me te Oranga ā-Motu o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina (PRC), te whakahaere ā-rohe o te rongoā tuku iho Hainamana. Kaupapa Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga Rewharewha (Putanga 2020) [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Te Peka o ngā Tākuta Ohorere o te Rōpū Hauora Hainamana, Te Peka Rongoā Ohorere o te Rōpū Hauora Hainamana, Te Rōpū Hauora Ohorere o Haina, Te Rōpū Hauora Ohorere o Beijing, Te Komiti Ngaio Rongoā Ohorere o te Ope Taua Whakaoranga o te Iwi o Haina. Te Whakaaetanga a ngā Tohunga Ohorere mō te Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga o te Rewharewha Pakeke (Putanga 2022) [J]. te hautaka Hainamana mō te rongoā tiaki nui, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
11. Tari Whānui o te Komihana Hauora me te Oranga o te Kāwanatanga, Tari Whānui o te Whakahaerenga ā-Rohe o ngā Rongoā Hainamana Tuku Iho. Pānui mō te Tā me te Tohatoha i te Mahere Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga Mate Koronavirus hou (Putanga Whakamātautau Tekau).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, me ētahi atu. Ngā whakaaro o ngā tohunga mō te rongoā ārai huaketo mō te hunga kua pangia e te mate korona hou [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Te Peka o ngā Tākuta Ohorere o te Rōpū Hauora Hainamana, Te Peka Rongoā Ohorere o te Rōpū Hauora Hainamana, Te Rōpū Hauora Ohorere o Haina, Te Rōpū Hauora Ohorere o Beijing, Te Komiti Ngaio Rongoā Ohorere o te Ope Taua Whakaoranga o te Iwi o Haina. Te Whakaaetanga a ngā Tohunga Ohorere mō te Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga o te Rewharewha Pakeke (Putanga 2022) [J]. te hautaka Hainamana mō te rongoā tiaki nui, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
Wā tuku: Maehe-29-2024